Contents
Contents
Tables and figures
Preface
Acknowledgements
La Niña An: overview of the process
El Niño, La Niña, and the climate swings of 1997-98: A review
Definition( s) of La Niña
What constitutes normal?
La Niña teleconnections
Climate change and the ENSO cycle Are they linked?
The symmetry issue
Attribution of societal and environmental impacts to specific La Niña and El Niño events
Forecasting the onset of a La Niña episode in 1998
The identification of differences in forecasting El Niño and La Niña
Monitoring La Niña
Introduction
Energy, economics, and ENSO in the United States
La Niña from a Canadian agriculture perspective
The impact of ENSO on Canadian climate
The effects of ENSO on California precipitation and water supply
La Niña impacts onthe Pacific Northwest
ENSO forecasts and fisheries
La Niña, El Niño, and US Atlantic hurricane damages
Some effects of La Niña on summer rainfall, water resources, and crops in Argentina
La Niña effects in Ecuador
La Niña impacts in Cuba: The opposite side of the coin?
The consequences of cold events for Peru
Kenya and ENSO: An observation and La Niña prediction
The impacts of cold events on Ethiopia
La Niña and its impacts in South Africa during 1998-2000
La Niña in Indonesia: Forecasts and institutional responses
La Niña and its impact on China's climate
Impact of the1998 La Niña on Indian monsoon rainfall
The assessment of La Niña impacts and responses in Bangladesh
The influence of La Niña on the rainfall of the Western Pacific
Tropical tunas and the ENSO cycle
The role of the media in ENSO reporting
Forecasting ENSO in Australia: The importance of good communication
Awareness of ENSO events in Japan
Science and the media
La Niña and an evaluation of current ENSO forecast skill
Cold events: Anti- El Niño?
Further thoughts on ENSO
Bridging the supply and demand gap in climate forecast production and use
On the perception of probabilistic forecasts
Appendix Frequently asked questions ( FAQ) about La Niña and El Niño from NOAA's website
Contributors